Lighting design elements and procedures

Lighting design can be divided into two parts: lighting design and electrical design. Light illumination design includes: choice, the choice of light source, lamps (this refers to from the lighting effect) selection and arrangement, illuminance, luminance and glare evaluation etc.; electrical design can be summarized as follows: to determine the power supply system, circuit calculation (load calculation, voltage loss calculation, protection setting calculation). To determine the type, specifications and wire laying mode, power supply, control equipment and its installation position, drawing the lighting design drawings, a list of major equipment and materials, and the preparation of the budget.

First, the lighting object

On the working surface of the lighting technology to view objects for lighting objects called photopic lighting, lighting technology to the surrounding environment of the lighting object, called lighting environment. The requirements of these two different lighting designs and the main problems to be considered are shown in the table

Photopic illumination

Lighting environment

Working face must have sufficient illumination

Bright or dark to be designed according to the needs of the atmosphere sometimes dark made

Illumination should be uniform

Illumination have the difference, the change of illumination can be caused by different feeling

Should not glare. As basin reducing and even removing glare

Can be applied to metal, glass or other shiny objects to the small size of glare caused by a sense of charm

Shadow should be appropriate

To shadow the stereoscopic formation

Color light on the good

With special color and light color is light. Or exaggeration of color adjustment

Luminaire arrangement and construction coordination

Mining I special decorative lighting, in order to obtain a good atmosphere

Lighting solutions should be economic

From a global point of view is the economy, from the local perspective can sting is not economical or too luxurious

The object of lighting design

The main factors design considerations

Operation view object

Working face (reading class, machine operation etc.)

Illumination: the illuminance distribution (uniformity); directional light source; the light color and color

The appearance of dialogue

Illumination: the direction of light: light color and color

Environment

Indoor three-dimensional space (mainly human face)

(high surface brightness

Each side of a large angle

The top wall, floor, Xu

Brightness distribution and illuminance distribution: reflectance and color

Luminous surface

Lamp

Glare

window

Meets building natural lighting requirements

Two, lighting mode

The lighting equipment is divided according to its installation position or function:

1 general lighting lighting refers to the set for the entire site, in the light of the lamp is arranged place. It can obtain uniform horizontal illuminance. The working position of high density and no special requirements on the illumination direction of the place, for the restricted production technology, local lighting is not suitable for installation or use of mixed lighting unreasonable places, can be installed separately for general lighting.

2 partition partition refers to general lighting in general lighting in the room layout according to the actual situation of working face, the lamp concentration or packet concentration evenly arranged along the top of the work area, according to the need to improve the way of lighting specific area illumination. It can save energy effectively.

3 local lighting is the lighting to meet the specific needs of certain parts of the lighting set. Local lighting should not be installed only in a workplace.

4 hybrid lighting is a common way of lighting and local lighting.

It is often used in such a way that the visual requirements of the working position are high, and the special requirements of the irradiation direction are often used.

Three, lighting type

1 normal lighting normal lighting refers to all commonly used, fixed installation of indoor and outdoor artificial lighting.

2. Emergency lighting (accident lighting) in the normal lighting power supply failure when the use of lighting. Can be divided into three categories according to their intended purpose:

Evacuation lighting: in addition to the evacuation of the channel to provide adequate illumination value of 0 SLX, should also include the "exit" and other signs of lighting.

Safety lighting: to ensure the safe use of personnel in a potential danger. If you are using a disc saw or a worker dealing with hot metal, you are in danger when the normal lighting fails.

Standby lighting: the maintenance of continued work and activities other than safety. Emergency lighting has "usually run" and "usually do not run," two, when the latter must be used to ignite the instantaneous light source, such as incandescent lamps, halogen tungsten lamp.

3 duty lighting duty lighting refers to the use of non working hours for duty personnel lighting. A part that can be controlled separately in normal lighting, or part or all of the incident lighting.

4 other guard lighting is used for lighting the perimeter of the perimeter of the perimeter. Can be installed in the factory or warehouse area according to the needs of the task.

5 barrier lighting lighting is located in the vicinity of the airport buildings or ships on the high side of the building on both sides of the river, indicating signs of obstruction lighting. Should be installed in accordance with the relevant provisions of the civil aviation and transportation sector.

Four, lighting design procedures

Lighting design includes indoor lighting, outdoor lighting and lighting design in special places. Outdoor lighting and road lighting, square and open field lighting, etc., the design procedures and indoor lighting is very different. This section describes the degree of lighting design for indoor lighting, that is, within the building (including industrial buildings and civil buildings) lighting.

Engineering design usually includes two stages: preliminary design and construction design. The lighting design procedure described in this section is described in the following stages.

The lighting design process mainly includes the following three aspects: one is the collection of raw data and technical conditions, to understand the nature and process requirements of production, use, and understanding of the building structure; two is proposed, the necessary calculation, determine the parameters of the optical and electrical; two is the construction drawing, and budget material list

The following is a detailed description of these contents.

1 collection of original material and technical conditions

(L) to understand the building and the room properties and production and operation requirements:

L (production), the use of lighting requirements. In addition to the level of illumination, as well as the L), the production and use of illumination requirements. In addition to the level of illumination, but also those vertical, inclined plane illuminance requirements.

2) uniformity of control requirements. Which places require uniform general lighting, which places heavy points.

3) lighting requirements. In addition to the general lighting, what are the requirements of local lighting? Where do I need to fix the lighting?

4) lighting requirements. In addition to normal lighting, whether or not the emergency lighting or duty lighting.

5, the production and use of color and color rendering requirements. Color rendering index.

6) glare requirements for lighting restrictions. This limits the direct glare level, working face to understand whether the reflected glare and reflected light.

(7) other requirements for vision. If there is no prolonged tense and continuous visual operations, space brightness requirements, etc..

8) environmental conditions of the site. Including dust, high temperature, humidity, corrosive gas, vibration, fire hazard, explosion hazard, etc..

9) environmental pollution characteristics. For determining the maintenance factor.

10) process layout, production process. The division of workshop and workshop, the possibility of building internal interval.

11 other special use requirements. Such as the special requirements of the competition venues, such as color photography, stage, audio-visual studio, etc..

(2) understanding of the building structure, architectural decoration and other construction equipment:

L) building plan and section, elevation, including building size, separation, staircases, elevators, doors, windows, doors, etc..

2) understand the main structure, column, span, height, truss, beam, column layout and size, layout, such as ceiling roof.

3) understanding of architectural decoration, wall, roof, ground decoration materials and their color, reflectance, as well as curtains and color.

4) understanding of architectural decoration and lighting selection, layout coordination

5) inside the building can pass (pass or maintenance) of the tunnel, pit, pit, ceiling.

6) the layout of construction equipment and piping, including air conditioning, heating, ventilation, water supply and drainage, heating, oil supply, gas supply and other facilities and piping layout.

7) other special circumstances.